КГУ "Карагандинская областная юношеская библиотека имени Жайыка Бектурова"
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ABYLAY

ABYLAY

 

ABYLAY (Abilmansur, Sabalak) (1711-81)  the statesman, the diplomat, the politician, the khan who has united three horde. Абылай rose by the historical arena in the 30th of 18 century. As the far-sighted politician, using дипломатич. ways, sought to weaken Kazakh Oirat opposition. Though not always Abulkhair in foreign policy supported, in particular, concerning Russia, but understood political background of his actions. In August, 1740, having arrived to Orenburg with the khan of the Average zhuz Abilmambet and 120 foremen, agreed on protection of the Russian government. For preservation of unity of the Kazakh people supports also relationship with the Tsin empire, sends embassy to Beijing. As the commander, politician Abylay especially got stronger in 1738-41 in the period of shattering gains of Kalmyks. Quickly extended among the legend people about courage of 19-year Abylay which has won a duel of the son of Kalmykhuntayzhy Galdan-Tseren of batyr Sharysh. However Abylay is taken prisoner to Galdan-Tseren and released in 1743 after intervention of major K. Miller authorized to the Russian Empire later. Moving of the khan Abulmambet to the Turkestan region increased authority of Abylay as statesman. Though Abylay did not ascend yet to a throne, in the interstate relations among Kazakhs was recognized as the khan. In the 40th of 18 century the residence Abylay was located in headwaters of Irtysh in Kokshetau's vicinity on the bank of Ishim. The subsequent policy of the sultan was directed on to appearing in the center of the dzhungar-Chinese wars, to restore independence of the country, to return lands Vost. Turkestan. In 1771 Abilmambet dies. Not having equal as the politician, Abylay was elected the khan representatives of three horde with support of sultans, foremen and Abilfaiz, the son Abilmambet. As specify historical documents, Abylay became known not as the governor of one horde, and three hordes. However the Russian empress Ekaterina II refused to recognize Abylay as the uniform khan of three hordes. In February-May, 1778 Abylay sent to Petersburg embassy led by son Togym for obtaining the diploma recognizing it as the khan three hordes. Catherine II again officially did not approve Abylay as the Supreme khan of the Kazakh people. Power signs — a damask sword, a beaver cap, gold embroidered chapan, etc. presented. the empress gifts of Abylay refused to accept. These gifts in the subsequent were stored in the Peter and Paul Fortress. However in the winter of 1778 mission of captain Brekhov sent by Catherine II to a Khan rate in Kokshetau, approved Abylay as the khan of three hordes. The Khan state Abylay was the integrated feudal country with the created system of board. Numerous victories over Kyrgyz, kokandets, Volga region Kalmyks, Oirats showed it of a military leader and political qualities. Abylay knew some languages, wrote, freely talked on Chinese. Died on May 23, 1781 on the 69th year of life.